A regional GIS group is holding an FME Hackathon, and you have been invited to take part.

You have been provided with a set of source data and asked to create a useful project from it. You decide that it would be interesting to produce a tool that maps the route from the hackathon venue to a cafe where a group get-together will be held that evening.

So, your task is to use the data available to you to calculate the best route from the convention center to the cafe, and to write out that data to GPX format so folk can use it in their GPS/mobile device.

1) Create Database Connection
The source data has been provided in a PostGIS database; therefore our first task should be to create a connection to it. That way we can use the connection instead of having to enter connection parameters.

In a web browser visit http://fme.ly/database - this will show the parameters for a PostGIS database running on Amazon RDS.

In Workbench, select Tools > FME Options from the menubar.

Click on the icon for the Database Connections category, then click the [+] button to create a new connection. In the "Add Database Connection" dialog, first, select PostgreSQL as the database type. Then enter the connection parameters obtained through the web browser.

Give the connection a name and click Save. Then click OK to close the FME Options dialog.

2) Inspect Data
Start the FME Data Inspector to inspect the dataset we will be using. Select File > Open Dataset and, when prompted, enter the following:

Click OK to close the dialogs and open the data. You will see a set of road features each of which has a set of attributes. One attribute specifies whether a feature represents a one-way street. It's important to know this if we want to calculate a route that is actually legal!

NB: If you have any problems using the PostGIS database - for example connectivity problems with a firewall - then the following AutoCAD dataset can be substituted with very few changes required:

3) Start Workbench
Start Workbench and use the option to Generate a workspace.

The workspace will look like this:

Remember, GPX is a fixed-schema format, hence the six different writer feature types that are automatically created.

4) Add ShortestPathFinder
Now we need to start calculating a route. The obvious first step is to add a ShortestPathFinder transformer, which is how we can calculate our route.

So, add a ShortestPathFinder transformer. Connect public.CompleteRoads to the Network port.

5) Add Creator
The other input port on the ShortestPathFinder is for the From-To path (the start and end points of our journey). There are many ways to create this - or even accept input from a web map - but here we'll manually create a feature with the Creator transformer.

So, add a Creator transformer and connect it to the From-To port:

Inspect the Creator's parameters.

Firstly enter UTM83-10 as the coordinate system of the data we are about to create. For the Geometry Object parameter, click the [...] browse button to the right to open a geometry-creation dialog. Select Line as the geometry type and enter the following coordinates:

X 491500 Y 5459550
X 494500 Y 5457440

The first coordinate is that of the hackathon venue and the second is the closest point in our network to the cafe we're going to visit.

Click the OK button to confirm the changes.

6) Check ShortestPathFinder Parameters
The coordinates of the feature we've added might not sit exactly on the road network. To get around this issue, there are parameters we can use in the ShortestPathFinder.

So, inspect the ShortestPathFinder parameters. Under Snap Options set From-To and Network Snapping to Yes and enter 150 as the Snapping Tolerance:

Also, notice that there are parameters for network costs - we'll be making use of those later.

7) Run Workspace
Ensure feature caching is turned on and run the workspace. Check the log and then inspect the ShortestPathFinder:Path cache. If all has gone well, the output will look like this, with a route defined:

Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC-BY-3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under CC-BY-SA.

Of course, if all has not gone correctly, you must make use of your debugging skills to try and locate the error!

8) Add AttributeValueMapper
The result looks fine, but there are some things we are still uncertain about: for example, what if the route uses slower, residential roads? We can force the route to prefer arterial routes by applying a different cost to each road feature.

The cost will depend on the road type. In essence, we are mapping road type to cost, and the way to do that is with an AttributeValueMapper transformer.

So, add an AttributeValueMapper transformer to the workspace, between the CompleteRoads feature type and the ShortestPathFinder:Network port:

9) Edit AttributeValueMapper
Inspect the AttributeValueMapper's parameters. Enter the following values:

Now, underneath those parameters, we'll map some data.

If the route is arterial (a main road) it will get a cost of 1, residential routes will get a cost of 3, and all other types will get a cost of 2 (because that's the default value). Click Accept/OK to confirm the parameters.

10) Apply Costs
Now we have to apply the costs we have just created. Inspect the ShortestPathFinder's parameters. Enter the following values:

Now re-run the workspace to see if there is any difference in the result. It should look like this:

Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC-BY-3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under CC-BY-SA.

So the cost weighting has made a difference. But there is a problem with this result...

11) Add AttributeManager
Add an AttributeManager transformer between the AttributeValueMapper:Output port and the ShortestPathFinder:Network port and view the parameters.

In the value field for the Cost attribute, click the drop-down arrow and select Open Arithmetic Editor. In that dialog enter the expression:

@Value(Cost)*@Length()

In short, we're now multiplying cost by road length to give us a combined weighting.

Re-run the translation to see if it makes a difference:

Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC-BY-3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under CC-BY-SA.

Yes, it does, proving that the route was longer than it could be. Of course, the expression we've used is again very subjective and could be made more complex to give a better result (we could try a logarithmic scale to see what that produced).

12) Edit AttributeManager
Regardless of our expression, there's another last snag to cover... one-way streets. Currently, we have no solution in place to prevent us driving the wrong direction.

Luckily each one-way street is flagged with an attribute and has its vertices ordered in the direction of permitted travel, so we know which way to avoid. Let's use this information to solve that problem.

We'll need to calculate different cost attributes for each direction now, although the value will only differ when a one-way street is involved. There are - as usual - multiple ways to handle this in FME; let's go with a moderately easy one.

View the AttributeManager parameters again. This time create a new Output Attribute called ReverseCost. In the value, field click the drop-down arrow and choose Conditional Value.

In the definition dialog that opens, double-click in the first "If" row and a Test Condition dialog opens. In here set up a test for oneway = Y. For the Output Value (bottom of the dialog) enter the value 9999 (i.e., the cost of traveling the wrong way is really expensive)!

Click OK to close that dialog. Back in the previous dialog, double-click where it says <No Action> choose the dropdown arrow and select Attribute Value > Cost:

Click OK again twice more to close these dialogs.

What we've essentially done is say that if this is a one-way street, set a prohibitively high reverse cost, otherwise just set the usual forward cost.

13) Apply Cost
One last change. Check the ShortestPathFinder parameters and change the ReverseCost attribute from Cost to ReverseCost:

Now we're ready to go. Re-run the workspace and check the output:

There is at least one change (above) caused by a route that previously traveled the wrong-way (west-east) along a street that is one way (east-west)!

14) Connect Schema
Oh! Don't forget to turn off feature caching and connect the Path port to the Route output feature type:

Now run the workspace, upload the data to your GPS device, and you are ready to go!